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Germanium
Germanium
Ge
Germanium
Data Sheet
Physical Properties
Melting point: 938.25°C
Density: 5.327 g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity: 400 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity: 1.68 µΩ·cm at 20°C
Chemical Properties
Atomic Number: 32
Atomic Weight: 72.63 u
Crystal Structure: Diamond Cubic
Applications
Electronics: Used in semiconductor devices, interconnects, and bonding wires due to its excellent conductivity and thermal properties.
Optics: Applied in reflective coatings and optical devices.
Photovoltaics: Utilized in thin-film solar cells to improve efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs.
Thermal Management: Applied in electronic devices to dissipate heat efficiently.
Microelectronics: Employed in the fabrication of integrated circuits and transistors.
Protective Coatings: Provides corrosion resistance and wear protection.
Aerospace: Reflective Coatings
Forms
Sputtering Targets
(any dimension)
Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations
Germanium sputtering target for 200mm PVD system
Evaporation Material
(any dimension)
Pellets or Starter Sources
Germanium Cubes .250” x .250”
Purity Guide
Purity   Level Metallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
(2N) 99% 99% 10,000
(2N5) 99.5% 5,000
(3N) 99.9% 1,000
(3N5) 99.95% 500
(4N) 99.99% 100
(4N5) 99.995% 50
(5N) 99.999% 10
(5N5) 99.9995%   5
(6N) 99.9999%   1
Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis
Element PPM Level Element PPM Level
Al 0.03 Ca 0.03
Cu 0.01 Fe 0.05
Mg 0.3 Na 0.2
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Titanium
Titanium
Ti
Titanium
Data Sheet
Physical Properties
Melting point: 1668°C
Density: 4.506 g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity: 21.9 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity: 42.7 µΩ·cm at 20°C
Chemical Properties
Atomic Number: 22
Atomic Weight: 47.87 amu
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal Close Packed Cubic (HCP)
Applications
Electronics: Employed in thin-film resistors, capacitors, and other electronic components.
Optics: Applied in reflective coatings and optical devices.
Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs): Employed in display technologies such as LCDs and OLEDs for improved efficiency and durability.
Medical: Utilized in medical implants and devices due to its biocompatibility and non-toxic nature.
Protective Coatings: Used in packaging to provide a barrier against moisture, oxygen, and other environmental factors
Wear Resistance: Enhances the durability of surfaces exposed to mechanical wear and abrasion.
Aerospace: Reflective Coatings
Energy: Photovoltaics & Fuel Cells
Forms
Sputtering Targets
(any dimension)
Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations
Titanium sputtering target for 200mm PVD system
Evaporation Material
(any dimension)
Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire
Titanium pellets .250” x .250”
Purity Guide
Purity   Level Metallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
(2N) 99% 99% 10,000
(2N5) 99.5% 5,000
(3N) 99.9% 1,000
(3N5) 99.95% 500
(4N) 99.99% 100
(4N5) 99.995% 50
(5N) 99.999% 10
(5N5) 99.9995%   5
(6N) 99.9999%   1
Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis
Element PPM Level Element PPM Level
Al 0.38 Ca <0.2
Cr 0.33 Cu 0.26
Fe 3.7 Li <0.005
Mg <0.05 Mo <0.05
K ND Si 0.36
N 26 O 210
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Tantalum
Tantalum
Ta
Tantalum
Data Sheet
Physical Properties
Melting point: 3017°C
Density: 16.678 g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity: 57.5 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity: 131µΩ·cm at 20°C
Chemical Properties
Atomic Number: 73
Atomic Weight: 180.94 amu
Crystal Structure: Body Centered Cubic (FCC)
Applications
Electronics: Diffusion barriers between copper interconnects and silicon. Capacitor electrodes in microelectronics. Gate electrodes in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices.
Optics: Anti-reflective coatings, optical filters and heat reflecting filters.
Medical: Utilized in medical implants and devices due to its biocompatibility
Protective Coatings: Wear-resistant coatings for cutting tools and mechanical components.
Wear Resistance: Enhances the durability of surfaces exposed to mechanical wear and abrasion.
Aerospace: Thermal barriers, oxidation-resistant layers, protective coatings for turbine components.
Forms
Sputtering Targets
(any dimension)
Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations
Tantalum sputtering target for 200mm PVD system
Evaporation Material
(any dimension)
Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire
Tantalum pellets .250” x .250”
Purity Guide
Purity   Level Metallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
(2N) 99% 99% 10,000
(2N5) 99.5% 5,000
(3N) 99.9% 1,000
(3N5) 99.95% 500
(4N) 99.99% 100
(4N5) 99.995% 50
(5N) 99.999% 10
(5N5) 99.9995%   5
(6N) 99.9999%   1
Example of a Typical Certificate of Analysis
Element PPM Level Element PPM Level
Cr 3 Cu 5
Fe 10 Mn 1
Mo 1.5 Nb 17
Ni 6 Si 4
Ti 0.5 W 6
Zr 1 O 83
C 6 N 58
H 2
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Silver
Silver
Ag
Silver
Data Sheet
Physical Properties
Melting point: 961.78°C
Density: 10.4 g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity: 429 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity: 1.59 x 10⁻⁸ µΩ·cm
Chemical Properties
Atomic Number: 47
Atomic Weight: 107.87 amu
Crystal Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
Applications
Electronics: Used in electronic devices for their high conductivity.
Optics: Silver’s high reflectivity makes it ideal for mirrors and optical coatings.
Medical: Utilized in medical implants and devices due to its biocompatibility and non-toxic nature.
Sensors: Silver thin films are used in sensitive pressure sensors, due to its excellent conductivity and mechanical properties
Aerospace: Reflective Coatings
Energy: Used in solar cells to improve efficiency by enhancing light absorption and electrical conductivity
Forms
Sputtering Targets
(any dimension)
Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations
Silver sputtering target for 200mm PVD system
Evaporation Material
(any dimension)
Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire
Silver shot .250” x .250”
Purity Guide
Purity   Level Metallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
(2N) 99% 99% 10,000
(2N5) 99.5% 5,000
(3N) 99.9% 1,000
(3N5) 99.95% 500
(4N) 99.99% 100
(4N5) 99.995% 50
(5N) 99.999% 10
(5N5) 99.9995%   5
(6N) 99.9999%   1
Example of a Typical Certificate of Analysis
Element PPM Level Element PPM Level
Al 1 Bi 1
Cd 1 Cu 2
Fe 2 Ni 1
Pb 2 Sb 1
Si 1 Zn 1
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Platinum
Platinum
Pt
Platinum
Data Sheet
Physical Properties
Melting point: 1768.3°C
Density: 21.45 g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity: 71.6 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity: 10.6 µΩ·cm at 20°C
Chemical Properties
Atomic Number: 78
Atomic Weight: 195.08 amu
Crystal Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
Applications
Electronics: Microelectronics for interconnects, conductive layers, connectors, and bonding wires
Optics: Reflective coatings and optical filters
Medical: Biocompatible coatings and implants
Sensors: Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors
Aerospace: Reflective Coatings
Energy: Photovoltaics & Fuel Cells
Forms
Sputtering Targets
(any dimension)
Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations
Platinum sputtering target for 200mm PVD system
Evaporation Material
(any dimension)
Pellets or Wire
Platinum pellets .250” x .250”
Purity Guide
Purity   Level Metallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
(2N) 99% 99% 10,000
(2N5) 99.5% 5,000
(3N) 99.9% 1,000
(3N5) 99.95% 500
(4N) 99.99% 100
(4N5) 99.995% 50
(5N) 99.999% 10
(5N5) 99.9995%   5
(6N) 99.9999%   1
Example of a Typical Certificate of Analysis
Element PPM Level Element PPM Level
Ag ND Au ND
Cu ND Fe 1.1
Mg ND Ni <4
Pd ND Si ND
Sn ND Zr 5
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Palladium
Palladium
Pd
Palladium
Data Sheet
Physical Properties
Melting point: 1555°C
Density: 12.02 g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity: 71 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity: 110.8 µΩ·cm at 20°C
Chemical Properties
Atomic Number: 46
Atomic Weight: 106.42 amu
Crystal Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
Applications
Electronics: Microelectronics for interconnects, conductive layers, connectors, and bonding wires
Medical Imaging: With exceptional X-ray absorbance properties make it suitable to medical imaging applications
Sensors: Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors
Aerospace: Reflective Coatings
Energy: Photovoltaics & Fuel Cells
Forms
Sputtering Targets
(any dimension)
Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations
Palladium sputtering target for 200mm PVD system
Evaporation Material
(any dimension)
Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire
Palladium pellets .250” x .250”
Purity Guide
Purity   Level Metallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
(2N) 99% 99% 10,000
(2N5) 99.5% 5,000
(3N) 99.9% 1,000
(3N5) 99.95% 500
(4N) 99.99% 100
(4N5) 99.995% 50
(5N) 99.999% 10
(5N5) 99.9995%   5
(6N) 99.9999%   1
Example of a Typical Certificate of Analysis
Element PPM Level Element PPM Level
Ag 6 Al 1
Au 8 Cu 11
Fe 9 In 1
Ir ND Mg 4
Ni 1 Pb ND
Pt 8 Rh ND
Ru ND Sn ND
Zn ND
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Nickel
Nickel
Ni
Nickel
Data Sheet
Physical Properties
Melting point: 1455°C
Density: 8.90 g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity: 90.7 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity: 6.84 µΩ·cm at 20°C
Chemical Properties
Atomic Number: 28
Atomic Weight: 58.69 amu
Crystal Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
Applications
Electronics: Nickel thin films are used as electrical contacts and barriers in semiconductor devices due to their good electrical conductivity and resistance oxidation
Magnetic Storage: Nickel’s ferromagnetic properties make it ideal for use in magnetic storage technologies, such as hard drives and magnetic tapes
Electrodes: Nickel thin films are used as electrodes in certain battery technologies, such as nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries, due to their good electrical conductivity and stability
Optics: Nickel thin films are used in optical applications for reflective coatings, enhancing the performance of mirrors and other optical devices
Forms
Sputtering Targets
(any dimension)
Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations
Nickel sputtering target for 200mm PVD system
Evaporation Material
(any dimension)
Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire
Nickel pellets .250” x .250”
Purity Guide
Purity   Level Metallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
(2N) 99% 99% 10,000
(2N5) 99.5% 5,000
(3N) 99.9% 1,000
(3N5) 99.95% 500
(4N) 99.99% 100
(4N5) 99.995% 50
(5N) 99.999% 10
(5N5) 99.9995%   5
(6N) 99.9999%   1
Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis
Element PPM Level Element PPM Level
Cr 0.01 Co 5.1
Cu 5.5 Fe 1.1
Mg 0.005 Mn <0.005
Si 0.03 Ti 0.24
V <0.005 Zr <0.005
N 10 O 30
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Copper
Copper
Cu
Copper
Data Sheet
Physical Properties
Melting point: 1083°C
Density: 8.92 g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity: 400 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity: 1.68 µΩ·cm at 20°C
Chemical Properties
Atomic Number: 29
Atomic Weight: 63.55 amu
Crystal Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
Applications
Electronics: Used in semiconductor devices, interconnects, and bonding wires due to its excellent conductivity and thermal properties.
Optics: Applied in reflective coatings and optical devices.
Photovoltaics: Utilized in thin-film solar cells to improve efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs.
Thermal Management: Applied in electronic devices to dissipate heat efficiently.
Microelectronics: Employed in the fabrication of integrated circuits and transistors.
Protective Coatings: Provides corrosion resistance and wear protection.
Aerospace: Reflective Coatings
Forms
Sputtering Targets
(any dimension)
Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations
Copper sputtering target for 200mm PVD system
Evaporation Material
(any dimension)
Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire
Copper pellets .250” x .250”
Purity Guide
Purity   Level Metallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
(2N) 99% 99% 10,000
(2N5) 99.5% 5,000
(3N) 99.9% 1,000
(3N5) 99.95% 500
(4N) 99.99% 100
(4N5) 99.995% 50
(5N) 99.999% 10
(5N5) 99.9995%   5
(6N) 99.9999%   1
Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis
Element PPM Level Element PPM Level
Ag 11.25 As 1.43
Bi 0.5 Fe 1.18
Mn 0.33 Ni 2.46
Pb 1.02 Sb 1.08
Sn 0.8 Zn 0.02
O 1 C 1
N 1 H 1
S 5.37 Cl 0.01
P 0.21 F 0.06
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Gold

Data Sheet

Physical Properties

Melting point: 1064.18°C
Density: 19.32 g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity: 318 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity: 2.214 µΩ·cm at 20°C

Chemical Properties

Atomic Number: 79
Atomic Weight: 196.97 amu
Crystal Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

Applications

Electronics: Microelectronics for interconnects, conductive layers, UBM, connectors, and bonding wires
Optics: Reflective coatings and optical filters
Medical: Biocompatible coatings and implants
Sensors: Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors
Aerospace: Reflective Coatings
Energy: Photovoltaics & Fuel Cells

Forms

Sputtering Targets
(any dimension)
Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations

Gold sputtering target for 300mm PVD system

Evaporation Material
(any dimension)
Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire

Gold pellets .250” x .250”

Purity Guide

Purity	Level	Metallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
(2N) 99%	99%	10,000
(2N5)	99.5%	5,000
(3N)	99.9%	1,000
(3N5)	99.95%	500
(4N)	99.99%	100
(4N5)	99.995%	50
(5N)	99.999%	10
(5N5)	99.9995%	5
(6N)	99.9999%	1

Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis

Element	PPM Level	Element	PPM Level
C	<10	Hf	ND
H	<5	In	<0.1
O	<15	K	ND
N	<15	Li	ND
Ag	<4	Mg	<0.1
Al	ND	Mn	ND
As	ND	Mo	ND
Au	Bal	Na	ND
B	ND	Nb	ND
Ba	ND	Ni	ND
Be	ND	P	ND
Bi	ND	Pb	<0.1
Ca	ND	Pd	<0.2
Cd	ND	Pt	<2.5
Ce	ND	Sb	ND
Cl	ND	Si	<0.1
Co	ND	Sn	<0.2
Cr	ND	Ta	ND
Cs	ND	Ti	ND
Cu	<0.2	V	ND
Fe	<1.5	W	ND
Ga	ND	Zn	ND
Ge	ND	Zr	<0.1

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Element	PPM Level	Element	PPM Level
Al	0.03	Ca	0.03
Cu	0.01	Fe	0.05
Mg	0.3	Na	0.2

Element	PPM Level	Element	PPM Level
Al	0.38	Ca	<0.2
Cr	0.33	Cu	0.26
Fe	3.7	Li	<0.005
Mg	<0.05	Mo	<0.05
K	ND	Si	0.36
N	26	O	210

Element	PPM Level	Element	PPM Level
Cr	0.01	Co	5.1
Cu	5.5	Fe	1.1
Mg	0.005	Mn	<0.005
Si	0.03	Ti	0.24
V	<0.005	Zr	<0.005
N	10	O	30

Element	PPM Level	Element	PPM Level
Ag	11.25	As	1.43
Bi	0.5	Fe	1.18
Mn	0.33	Ni	2.46
Pb	1.02	Sb	1.08
Sn	0.8	Zn	0.02
O	1	C	1
N	1	H	1
S	5.37	Cl	0.01
P	0.21	F	0.06

News

Germanium

Data Sheet

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Applications

Forms

Purity Guide

Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis

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Titanium

Data Sheet

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Applications

Forms

Purity Guide

Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis

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Tantalum

Data Sheet

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Applications

Forms

Purity Guide

Example of a Typical Certificate of Analysis

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Silver

Data Sheet

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Applications

Forms

Purity Guide

Example of a Typical Certificate of Analysis

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Platinum

Data Sheet

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Applications

Forms

Purity Guide

Example of a Typical Certificate of Analysis

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Palladium

Data Sheet

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Applications

Forms

Purity Guide

Example of a Typical Certificate of Analysis

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Nickel

Data Sheet

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Applications

Forms

Purity Guide

Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis

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Copper

Data Sheet

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Applications

Forms

Purity Guide

Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis

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