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  • Hafnium Dioxide

    Hafnium Dioxide

    Hafnium Dioxide


    HfO2

    Hafnium Dioxide

    Data Sheet

    Physical Properties

    • Melting Point:  2758°C
    • Density: 9.68 g/cm³

    Chemical Properties

    • Chemical Formula: HfO2
    • Reactivity: Quite inert, reacts with strong acids and bases

    Applications

    • Microelectronics: HfO₂ thin films are used as high-κ dielectrics in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). They help reduce gate leakage and improve device performance
    • Ferroelectric Memory: HfO₂-based thin films are utilized in ferroelectric random-access memory (FeRAM) and other non-volatile memory devices due to their ferroelectric properties
    • Optical Coatings: These films are used in optical coatings for lenses and mirrors, providing high refractive index and low absorption
    • Energy Harvesting: They are used in energy harvesting devices, such as pyroelectric and electrocaloric coolers, due to their ability to convert thermal energy into electrical energy

    Forms


    Evaporation Material
    (any dimension)
    Pellets or Starter Sources

    Purity Guide


    Purity  LevelMetallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
    (2N) 99%99%10,000
    (2N5)99.5%5,000
    (3N)99.9%1,000
    (3N5)99.95%500
    (4N)99.99%100
    (4N5)99.995%50
    (5N)99.999%10
    (5N5)99.9995%  5
    (6N)99.9999%  1

    Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis


    Element PPM LevelElement PPM Level
    Fe6.8Al5
    B0.002Na0.05
    Si2P0.01
    S0.1Ca0.01
    Ti0.06Cr0.65
    Mn0.004Ni0.05
    Ga0.24Nb0.08
    In0.02Cu0.044
    Zn0.005Sc0.2
    Ta3.2Ir0.02
    Pt0.04
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  • Germanium

    Germanium

    Germanium


    Ge

    Germanium

    Data Sheet

    Physical Properties

    • Melting point: 938.25°C
    • Density: 5.327 g/cm³
    • Thermal Conductivity: 400 W/m·K
    • Electrical Resistivity: 1.68 µΩ·cm at 20°C

    Chemical Properties

    • Atomic Number: 32
    • Atomic Weight: 72.63 u
    • Crystal Structure: Diamond Cubic

    Applications

    • Electronics: Used in semiconductor devices, interconnects, and bonding wires due to its excellent conductivity and thermal properties.
    • Optics: Applied in reflective coatings and optical devices.
    • Photovoltaics: Utilized in thin-film solar cells to improve efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs.
    • Thermal Management: Applied in electronic devices to dissipate heat efficiently.
    • Microelectronics: Employed in the fabrication of integrated circuits and transistors.
    • Protective Coatings: Provides corrosion resistance and wear protection.
    • Aerospace: Reflective Coatings

    Forms


    Sputtering Targets
    (any dimension)
    Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations

    Evaporation Material
    (any dimension)
    Pellets or Starter Sources

    Purity Guide


    Purity  LevelMetallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
    (2N) 99%99%10,000
    (2N5)99.5%5,000
    (3N)99.9%1,000
    (3N5)99.95%500
    (4N)99.99%100
    (4N5)99.995%50
    (5N)99.999%10
    (5N5)99.9995%  5
    (6N)99.9999%  1

    Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis


    Element PPM LevelElement PPM Level
    Al0.03Ca0.03
    Cu0.01Fe0.05
    Mg0.3Na0.2
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  • Titanium

    Titanium

    Titanium


    Ti

    Titanium

    Data Sheet

    Physical Properties

    • Melting point: 1668°C
    • Density: 4.506 g/cm³
    • Thermal Conductivity: 21.9 W/m·K
    • Electrical Resistivity: 42.7 µΩ·cm at 20°C

    Chemical Properties

    • Atomic Number: 22
    • Atomic Weight: 47.87 amu
    • Crystal Structure: Hexagonal Close Packed Cubic (HCP)

    Applications

    • Electronics: Employed in thin-film resistors, capacitors, and other electronic components.
    • Optics: Applied in reflective coatings and optical devices.
    • Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs): Employed in display technologies such as LCDs and OLEDs for improved efficiency and durability.
    • Medical: Utilized in medical implants and devices due to its biocompatibility and non-toxic nature.
    • Protective Coatings: Used in packaging to provide a barrier against moisture, oxygen, and other environmental factors
    • Wear Resistance: Enhances the durability of surfaces exposed to mechanical wear and abrasion.
    • Aerospace: Reflective Coatings
    • Energy: Photovoltaics & Fuel Cells

    Forms


    Sputtering Targets
    (any dimension)
    Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations

    Evaporation Material
    (any dimension)
    Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire

    Purity Guide


    Purity  LevelMetallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
    (2N) 99%99%10,000
    (2N5)99.5%5,000
    (3N)99.9%1,000
    (3N5)99.95%500
    (4N)99.99%100
    (4N5)99.995%50
    (5N)99.999%10
    (5N5)99.9995%  5
    (6N)99.9999%  1

    Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis


    Element PPM LevelElement PPM Level
    Al0.38Ca<0.2
    Cr0.33Cu0.26
    Fe3.7Li<0.005
    Mg<0.05Mo<0.05
    KNDSi0.36
    N26O210
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  • Silicon

    Silicon

    Silicon


    Si

    Silicon

    Data Sheet

    Physical Properties

    • Melting point: 1083°C
    • Density: 8.92 g/cm³
    • Thermal Conductivity: 400 W/m·K
    • Electrical Resistivity: 1.68 µΩ·cm at 20°C

    Chemical Properties

    • Atomic Number: 29
    • Atomic Weight: 63.55 u
    • Crystal Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

    Applications

    • Electronics: Used in semiconductor devices, interconnects, and bonding wires due to its excellent conductivity and thermal properties.
    • Optics: Applied in reflective coatings and optical devices.
    • Photovoltaics: Utilized in thin-film solar cells to improve efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs.
    • Thermal Management: Applied in electronic devices to dissipate heat efficiently.
    • Microelectronics: Employed in the fabrication of integrated circuits and transistors.
    • Protective Coatings: Provides corrosion resistance and wear protection.
    • Aerospace: Reflective Coatings

    Forms


    Sputtering Targets
    (any dimension)
    Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations

    Evaporation Material
    (any dimension)
    Pellets or Starter Sources

    Purity Guide


    Purity  LevelMetallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
    (2N) 99%99%10,000
    (2N5)99.5%5,000
    (3N)99.9%1,000
    (3N5)99.95%500
    (4N)99.99%100
    (4N5)99.995%50
    (5N)99.999%10
    (5N5)99.9995%  5
    (6N)99.9999%  1

    Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis


    Element PPM LevelElement PPM Level
    Ag<0.005Al<0.01
    As<0.002Au<0.005
    BDopantBa<0.001
    Be<0.001Br<0.005
    Ca<0.01Cd<0.0005
    Ce<0.0005Cl<0.005
    Co<0.005Cr<0.001
    Cs<0.0005Cu<0.005
    Dy<0.001Eu<0.001
    F<0.005Fe<0.01
    Ga<0.001Gd<0.001
    Ge<0.01Hf<0.001
    Hf<0.001Hg<0.0001
    Ho<0.001I<0.001
    In<0.005Ir<0.01
    K<0.01La<0.001
    Li<0.0005Lu<0.001
    Mg<0.0005Mn<0.0005
    Mo<0.001Na<0.001
    Nb<0.001Nd<0.001
    Ni<0.005Os<0.001
    Pb<0.0001Pd<0.005
    Pr<0.001Pt<0.005
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  • Tantalum

    Tantalum

    Tantalum


    Ta

    Tantalum

    Data Sheet

    Physical Properties

    • Melting point: 3017°C
    • Density: 16.678 g/cm³
    • Thermal Conductivity: 57.5 W/m·K
    • Electrical Resistivity: 131µΩ·cm at 20°C

    Chemical Properties

    • Atomic Number: 73
    • Atomic Weight: 180.94 amu
    • Crystal Structure: Body Centered Cubic (FCC)

    Applications

    • Electronics: Diffusion barriers between copper interconnects and silicon. Capacitor electrodes in microelectronics. Gate electrodes in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices.
    • Optics: Anti-reflective coatings, optical filters and heat reflecting filters.
    • Medical: Utilized in medical implants and devices due to its biocompatibility
    • Protective Coatings: Wear-resistant coatings for cutting tools and mechanical components.
    • Wear Resistance: Enhances the durability of surfaces exposed to mechanical wear and abrasion.
    • Aerospace: Thermal barriers, oxidation-resistant layers, protective coatings for turbine components.

    Forms


    Sputtering Targets
    (any dimension)
    Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations

    Evaporation Material
    (any dimension)
    Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire

    Purity Guide


    Purity  LevelMetallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
    (2N) 99%99%10,000
    (2N5)99.5%5,000
    (3N)99.9%1,000
    (3N5)99.95%500
    (4N)99.99%100
    (4N5)99.995%50
    (5N)99.999%10
    (5N5)99.9995%  5
    (6N)99.9999%  1

    Example of a Typical Certificate of Analysis


    Element PPM LevelElement PPM Level
    Cr3Cu5
    Fe10Mn1
    Mo1.5Nb17
    Ni6Si4
    Ti0.5W6
    Zr1O83
    C6N58
    H2
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  • Silver

    Silver

    Silver


    Ag

    Silver

    Data Sheet

    Physical Properties

    • Melting point: 961.78°C
    • Density: 10.4 g/cm³
    • Thermal Conductivity: 429 W/m·K
    • Electrical Resistivity: 1.59 x 10⁻⁸ µΩ·cm

    Chemical Properties

    • Atomic Number: 47
    • Atomic Weight: 107.87 amu
    • Crystal Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

    Applications

    • Electronics: Used in electronic devices for their high conductivity.
    • Optics: Silver’s high reflectivity makes it ideal for mirrors and optical coatings.
    • Medical: Utilized in medical implants and devices due to its biocompatibility and non-toxic nature.
    • Sensors: Silver thin films are used in sensitive pressure sensors, due to its excellent conductivity and mechanical properties
    • Aerospace: Reflective Coatings
    • Energy: Used in solar cells to improve efficiency by enhancing light absorption and electrical conductivity

    Forms


    Sputtering Targets
    (any dimension)
    Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations

    Evaporation Material
    (any dimension)
    Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire

    Purity Guide


    Purity  LevelMetallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
    (2N) 99%99%10,000
    (2N5)99.5%5,000
    (3N)99.9%1,000
    (3N5)99.95%500
    (4N)99.99%100
    (4N5)99.995%50
    (5N)99.999%10
    (5N5)99.9995%  5
    (6N)99.9999%  1

    Example of a Typical Certificate of Analysis


    Element PPM LevelElement PPM Level
    Al1Bi1
    Cd1Cu2
    Fe2Ni1
    Pb2Sb1
    Si1Zn1
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  • Platinum

    Platinum

    Platinum


    Pt

    Platinum

    Data Sheet

    Physical Properties

    • Melting point: 1768.3°C
    • Density: 21.45 g/cm³
    • Thermal Conductivity: 71.6 W/m·K
    • Electrical Resistivity: 10.6 µΩ·cm at 20°C

    Chemical Properties

    • Atomic Number: 78
    • Atomic Weight: 195.08 amu
    • Crystal Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

    Applications

    • Electronics: Microelectronics for interconnects, conductive layers, connectors, and bonding wires
    • Optics: Reflective coatings and optical filters
    • Medical: Biocompatible coatings and implants
    • Sensors: Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors
    • Aerospace: Reflective Coatings
    • Energy: Photovoltaics & Fuel Cells

    Forms


    Sputtering Targets
    (any dimension)
    Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations

    Evaporation Material
    (any dimension)
    Pellets or Wire

    Purity Guide


    Purity  LevelMetallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
    (2N) 99%99%10,000
    (2N5)99.5%5,000
    (3N)99.9%1,000
    (3N5)99.95%500
    (4N)99.99%100
    (4N5)99.995%50
    (5N)99.999%10
    (5N5)99.9995%  5
    (6N)99.9999%  1

    Example of a Typical Certificate of Analysis


    Element PPM LevelElement PPM Level
    AgNDAuND
    CuNDFe1.1
    MgNDNi<4
    PdNDSiND
    SnNDZr5
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  • Palladium

    Palladium

    Palladium


    Pd

    Palladium

    Data Sheet

    Physical Properties

    • Melting point: 1555°C
    • Density: 12.02 g/cm³
    • Thermal Conductivity: 71 W/m·K
    • Electrical Resistivity: 110.8 µΩ·cm at 20°C

    Chemical Properties

    • Atomic Number: 46
    • Atomic Weight: 106.42 amu
    • Crystal Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

    Applications

    • Electronics: Microelectronics for interconnects, conductive layers, connectors, and bonding wires
    • Medical Imaging: With exceptional X-ray absorbance properties make it suitable to medical imaging applications
    • Sensors: Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors
    • Aerospace: Reflective Coatings
    • Energy: Photovoltaics & Fuel Cells

    Forms


    Sputtering Targets
    (any dimension)
    Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations

    Evaporation Material
    (any dimension)
    Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire

    Purity Guide


    Purity  LevelMetallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
    (2N) 99%99%10,000
    (2N5)99.5%5,000
    (3N)99.9%1,000
    (3N5)99.95%500
    (4N)99.99%100
    (4N5)99.995%50
    (5N)99.999%10
    (5N5)99.9995%  5
    (6N)99.9999%  1

    Example of a Typical Certificate of Analysis


    Element PPM LevelElement PPM Level
    Ag6Al1
    Au8Cu11
    Fe9In1
    IrNDMg4
    Ni1PbND
    Pt8RhND
    RuNDSnND
    ZnND
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  • Nickel

    Nickel

    Nickel


    Ni

    Nickel

    Data Sheet

    Physical Properties

    • Melting point: 1455°C
    • Density: 8.90 g/cm³
    • Thermal Conductivity: 90.7 W/m·K
    • Electrical Resistivity: 6.84 µΩ·cm at 20°C

    Chemical Properties

    • Atomic Number: 28
    • Atomic Weight: 58.69 amu
    • Crystal Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

    Applications

    • Electronics:  Nickel thin films are used as electrical contacts and barriers in semiconductor devices due to their good electrical conductivity and resistance oxidation
    • Magnetic Storage: Nickel’s ferromagnetic properties make it ideal for use in magnetic storage technologies, such as hard drives and magnetic tapes
    • Electrodes: Nickel thin films are used as electrodes in certain battery technologies, such as nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries, due to their good electrical conductivity and stability
    • Optics: Nickel thin films are used in optical applications for reflective coatings, enhancing the performance of mirrors and other optical devices

    Forms


    Sputtering Targets
    (any dimension)
    Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations

    Evaporation Material
    (any dimension)
    Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire

    Purity Guide


    Purity  LevelMetallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
    (2N) 99%99%10,000
    (2N5)99.5%5,000
    (3N)99.9%1,000
    (3N5)99.95%500
    (4N)99.99%100
    (4N5)99.995%50
    (5N)99.999%10
    (5N5)99.9995%  5
    (6N)99.9999%  1

    Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis


    Element PPM LevelElement PPM Level
    Cr0.01Co5.1
    Cu5.5Fe1.1
    Mg0.005Mn<0.005
    Si0.03Ti0.24
    V<0.005Zr<0.005
    N10O30
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  • Copper

    Copper

    Copper


    Cu

    Copper

    Data Sheet

    Physical Properties

    • Melting point: 1083°C
    • Density: 8.92 g/cm³
    • Thermal Conductivity: 400 W/m·K
    • Electrical Resistivity: 1.68 µΩ·cm at 20°C

    Chemical Properties

    • Atomic Number: 29
    • Atomic Weight: 63.55 amu
    • Crystal Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

    Applications

    • Electronics: Used in semiconductor devices, interconnects, and bonding wires due to its excellent conductivity and thermal properties.
    • Optics: Applied in reflective coatings and optical devices.
    • Photovoltaics: Utilized in thin-film solar cells to improve efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs.
    • Thermal Management: Applied in electronic devices to dissipate heat efficiently.
    • Microelectronics: Employed in the fabrication of integrated circuits and transistors.
    • Protective Coatings: Provides corrosion resistance and wear protection.
    • Aerospace: Reflective Coatings

    Forms


    Sputtering Targets
    (any dimension)
    Diameter, Rectangular, Delta & Rotatable configurations

    Evaporation Material
    (any dimension)
    Pellets, Starter Sources or Wire

    Purity Guide


    Purity  LevelMetallic Impurities Allowed (PPM)
    (2N) 99%99%10,000
    (2N5)99.5%5,000
    (3N)99.9%1,000
    (3N5)99.95%500
    (4N)99.99%100
    (4N5)99.995%50
    (5N)99.999%10
    (5N5)99.9995%  5
    (6N)99.9999%  1

    Example of an Actual Certificate of Analysis


    Element PPM LevelElement PPM Level
    Ag11.25As1.43
    Bi0.5Fe1.18
    Mn0.33Ni2.46
    Pb1.02Sb1.08
    Sn0.8Zn0.02
    O1C1
    N1H1
    S5.37Cl0.01
    P0.21F0.06
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